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Satakunta

Coordinates: 61°20′N 22°00′E / 61.333°N 22.000°E / 61.333; 22.000
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the constituency, see Satakunta (constituency). For the historical province, see Satakunta (historical province).
Satakunta
Region
Region of Satakunta
Satakunnan maakunta (Finnish)
Landskapet Satakunta (Swedish)
Flag of Satakunta
Flag
Coat of arms of Satakunta
Coat of arms
Satakunta on a map of Finland
Satakunta on a map of Finland
Coordinates: 61°20′N 22°00′E / 61.333°N 22.000°E / 61.333; 22.000
CountryFinland
Historical provinceSatakunta
CapitalPori
Other townsHarjavalta, Huittinen, Kankaanpää, Kokemäki, Rauma and Ulvila
Area
 • Total
8,412.47 km2 (3,248.07 sq mi)
Population
 (2019)
 • Total
216,752
 • Density26/km2 (67/sq mi)
GDP
[1]
 • Total€8.077 billion (2015)
 • Per capita€36,144 (2015)
ISO 3166 codeFI-17
NUTS196
Regional animalEurasian beaver
Regional birdEurasian blue tit
Regional fishEuropean river lamprey
Regional flowerCommon Sea-buckthorn
Regional lakePyhäjärvi
Regional mineralSandstone
Websitesatakunta.fi

Satakunta (in both Finnish and Swedish,[2] Finnish pronunciation: [ˈs̠ɑt̪ɑˌkun̪t̪ɑ]; historically Satacundia)[3] is a region (maakunta / landskap) of Finland, part of the former Western Finland Province. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Pirkanmaa, South Ostrobothnia and Ostrobothnia. The capital city of the region is Pori. The name of the region literally means hundred. The historical province of the same name was a larger area within Finland, covering modern Satakunta as well as much of Pirkanmaa.

Heraldry

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The arms are crowned by a ducal coronet, though in Finnish tradition this resembles a Swedish count's coronet. Blazon: "Per fess Azure and Or, a bear rampant Sable, armed and langued Gules, crowned Or, holding in both paws a sword Argent, sword handle Or; surmounted by two mullets of seven Argent".[4]

History

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Map of the historical province of Satakunta

According to one theory, Satakunta was a political and military entity already in the Late Iron Age of Finland (550 - 1150 AD). During the 13th century, the Swedish rule was consolidated. At the same time, the coastal strip received some Swedish inhabitants, who however were assimilated in the mainstream Finnish population.[citation needed] The remnant of the influx can be seen in some of the toponyms in coastal Satakunta (e.g. Noormarkku < Swedish: Norrmark). Genetically connections to Scandinavia seem to be relatively strong. Haplogroup I1 (Y-DNA), which is typically Scandinavian, is very common in Satakunta.[citation needed] The common ancestor with the closest (rare) Scandinavian branches lived at least 2300 years ago.[5]

During the Middle Ages, the major cities of the province were Ulvila, established in the 14th century and Rauma, established 1442.[citation needed] Due to the rising of land, the former was left inland and lost its access to the sea. Consequently, the city of Pori was founded to the coast by Johan, Grand Duke of Finland in 1558.[citation needed] Administratively, the province lost its function in 1649 when it was combined with Southwest Finland to form Turku and Pori County. In the 19th century, the eastern parts of the province were transferred to the Tavastia County. At the present, the eastern part of the old province has formed the region of Pirkanmaa and the western part forms the region of Satakunta.[citation needed]

Satakunta, with the rest of Finland, was separated from Sweden when Finland was ceded to Russia in 1809. During the era of Autonomy (1809–1917), the province experienced slow industrialization, Pori becoming the most important industrial city of the region. The forest and textile industries dominated the business life. In addition, the merchants of Rauma and Pori had impressively large fleets of sailpowered merchantmen, which made up a large fraction of the total merchant navy of the Russian empire.[citation needed] The large-scale use of sail ships continued until the 1930s, even while the steampower started to dominate the international seatraffic. The building of the Tampere–Pori and Kokemäki–Rauma railroads connected the province into Finnish inland and diminished the importance of unnavigable Kokemäenjoki river as a means of transport.[citation needed] After this, the ports of Rauma and Pori have remained among the most important export ports for the Finnish industry.[citation needed]

The development of agriculture towards market-based economy was started during the 18th century, when crop rotation and large-scale drainage projects were initiated.[citation needed] At the same time, clearing of forests for agricultural use continued, leading into the formation of a large crofter class (Finnish: torppari), living on small-holdings rented from larger farms. During the 19th century the social divisions among the rural population deepened. Consequently, in Finnish Civil War of 1918, Satakunta formed an important part of Red Finland.[citation needed]

Since independence, the development of Satakunta has followed the general Finnish pattern. The rural areas have suffered from the drain of young population towards population centers, which until the early 1990s benefited the industrial cities of Rauma, Harjavalta and Pori with their surroundings. The metal and forest industries expanded steadily, necessitating the building of the nuclear plant at Olkiluoto. The increase of industrial production was not fully without problems, however. Especially the area around Harjavalta copper–nickel smelting plant suffered heavily from acid rain and Kokemäenjoki became heavily polluted. These problems have been controlled to large extent since the 1980s.[6][7]

Since the 1990s, the traditional industries of the region have more or less stagnated and the relative importance of her cities has dwindled. One of the perceived reasons for this development has been the fact that Satakunta lacks a university of its own.[8]

Municipalities

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Main article: Municipalities of Satakunta

The region of Satakunta consists of 16 municipalities, 7 of which have city status (marked in bold).

Municipalities on the map

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class=notpageimage|
Cities and municipalities of Satakunta.

Sub-regions

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Northern Satakunta sub-region:

Rauma sub-region:

Pori sub-region:

Municipalities listed

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the municipalities as of 2021 (14 Säkylä, 15 Siikainen)
Coat of
arms 		Municipality Population Land area
(km2) 		Density
(/km2) 		Finnish
speakers 		Swedish
speakers 		Other
speakers
coat of arms of Eura Eura 11,149 579 19 96 % 0.1 % 4 %
Coat of arms of Eurajoki Eurajoki 9,061 515 18 97 % 0.3 % 4 %
coat of arms of Harjavalta Harjavalta 6,679 123 54 95 % 0.2 % 5 %
coat of arms of Huittinen Huittinen 9,560 533 18 96 % 0.2 % 5 %
Coat of arms of Jämijärvi Jämijärvi 1,671 215 8 97 % 0.2 % 3 %
coat of arms of Kankaanpää Kankaanpää 12,473 1,021 12 94 % 0.1 % 5 %
coat of arms of Karvia Karvia 2,192 502 4 96 % 0 % 5 %
Coat of arms of Kokemäki Kokemäki 6,699 480 14 97 % 0.2 % 3 %
Coat of arms of Merikarvia Merikarvia 2,918 446 7 98 % 0.5 % 3 %
Coat of arms of Nakkila Nakkila 4,952 183 27 98 % 0.6 % 2 %
Coat of arms of Pomarkku Pomarkku 1,948 301 6 98 % 0.1 % 2 %
Coat of arms of Pori Pori 83,334 1,156 72 94 % 0.6 % 5 %
Coat of arms of Rauma Rauma 38,874 496 78 91 % 0.3 % 9 %
coat of arms of Siikainen Siikainen 1,257 463 3 100 % 0.2 % 1 %
Coat of arms of Säkylä Säkylä 6,309 407 16 96 % 0.3 % 5 %
Coat of arms of Ulvila Ulvila 12,421 401 31 98 % 0.3 % 3 %
Total 211,497 7,823 27 94 % 0.4 % 5 %


Politics

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Results of the 2023 Finnish parliamentary election in Satakunta:[9]

Geography

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A young stand of pine forest in Northern Satakunta.
The Eura River in Panelia, Eura.

The exact borders of Satakunta towards Southwest Finland, Ostrobothnia and Southern Tavastia are rather well-defined. However, this is not the case with the Northern Tavastia, i.e. in the modern day region of Pirkanmaa. This is because northern parts of Pirkanmaa were only sparsely inhabited wilderness and the borders of the provinces were never well defined before the introduction of county system in 1634. In that year, the border between Turku and Pori County which included Satakunta, and Uusimaa and Tavastia county was rather arbitrarily drawn in Tammerkoski. To further complicate matters, Tampere with her surroundings was transferred to Tavastia Province in the 19th century. As a result, the region around Ikaalinen and Parkano is variously described as being part of Satakunta, Tavastia, Sata-Häme or Pirkanmaa.

Village of Sorkka in Rauma with typical coastal plain countryside of Satakunta

Satakunta is characterized by a strong contrast of coast and inland areas. The southernmost part of the coast is flanked by the archipelago of Rauma but towards north, the number of coastal islands decreases markedly. The seabed is flat and due to this, the still-continuing post-glacial rising is perceivable even during a single person's lifetime. The dominating feature of the northern coast of Satakunta is the delta of Kokemäenjoki northwest of the town of Pori.

The valley of river Kokemäenjoki and the area south of it form one of the most important agricultural regions of Finland. The main crops are rye, barley, potato and sugar beet. On the other hand, north of Kokemäenjoki valley, forests dominate the landscape and population density is much lower than in southern Satakunta. Towards inland, the flat agricultural plain gives way to a more hilly landscape blotted by lakes. In this area, the population centers are located along the most important waterways, as a result of the original inhabitation period.

Economy

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In 2019, the biggest tax payers in Satakunta were Boliden Harjavalta, Raumaster, Forchem, Länsi-Suomen Osuuspankki, Oras, Alfa Laval Aalborg and LähiTapiola Lännen.[10]

References

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  1. ^ Regions and Cities > Regional Statistics > Regional Economy > Regional GDP per Capita, OECD.Stats. Accessed on 16 November 2018.
  2. ^ "Luokitus: Maakunnat 2021 | Tilastokeskus".
  3. ^ Jacob Ziegler: Schondia: id est regionum et populorum SeptlntÍionalium perutilis áescriptio. Strasbourg, 1532.
  4. ^ "Europeana Heraldica". extranet.narc.fi (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 2020-06-21. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
  5. ^ "I-L287 YTree".
  6. ^ Lounais-Suomen metsäohjelma. P. 34. Retrieved 11-19-2007. (in Finnish)
  7. ^ Kokemäenjoen päästötasot romahtaneet. Waternet 1/2007. The magazine is a PR-publication of Finnish chemicals manufacturer, but the fact that the pollution levels of Kokemäenjoki have indeed gone down is correct. Retrieved 11-19-2007. (in Finnish)
  8. ^ Satakunnan alueellinen tavoiteohjelma. Satakuntaliiton julkaisu A:219. Retrieved 11-19-2007. (in Finnish)
  9. ^ "Satakunnan vaalipiiri, ehdokasasettajakohtaiset tulokset".
  10. ^ "Rauman seudulla paljon suuria yhteisöveron maksajia: Raumaster, Forchem, Osuuspankki, Oras ja niin edelleen". LS24 (in Finnish). 2019-11-04. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
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Media related to Satakunta at Wikimedia Commons Satakunta travel guide from Wikivoyage

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